MIMO technology is a crucial aspect of wireless communications because it enables the simultaneous use of multiple antennas for data traffic, thereby increasing the data transfer rate, spectral efficiency, channel capacity, and reliability 13, 14, 15. Metasurface (MS) has been extensively employed in antenna technology in recent years, particularly for increasing gain and bandwidth 11, 12 however, these antennas are restricted to a single port.
The microstrip patch antenna offers the advantages of a low profile and planar construction but suffers from limited bandwidth and gain 9, 10 consequently, much research has been conducted to increase the antenna's gain and bandwidth. Therefore, the proposed MS-inspired MIMO antenna substantiates its applicability for 5G sub-6 GHz communication networks. Furthermore, the developed MIMO antenna exhibits outstanding diversity characteristics in respect of envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) less than 0.004, diversity gain (DG) close to 10 dB (> 9.98 dB) and high isolation between MIMO components (> 15.5 dB).
The suggested 4-port MIMO antenna offers a high realized gain of 8.3 dBi compared to existing MIMO antennas with an excellent average total efficiency of 82% in the 5G sub-6 GHz spectrum and is in good accordance with measured results. The inclusion of the proposed metasurface with a backplane significantly reduces antenna backward radiation and manipulates the electromagnetic field, thus improving the bandwidth, gain and isolation of MIMO components. The suggested MIMO prototype has been designed and fabricated on a low loss Rogers RT5880 substrate with a miniature dimension of 1.05λ × 1.05λ × 0.02λ and its performance is evaluated using a suggested 10 × 10 array of a square enclosed circular split ring resonators within the same substrate material. The four-element MIMO system has been designed by rendering each single antenna orthogonally to one another while retaining compact size and wideband properties between 3.2 and 7.6 GHz. The simulated and measured findings demonstrate a wideband characteristic starting from 3.11 to 7.67 GHz including a high realized gain of 8 dBi. The suggested MS integrated single antenna prototype has a miniature dimension of 0.58λ × 0.58λ × 0.02λ. The radiating patch of the antenna is truncated diagonally with a partially ground plane, and a metasurface has been employed for enhancing the antenna performance. The perceptible novelty of the proposed MIMO system is its wide operating bandwidth, high gain, lower interelement gap, and excellent isolation within the MIMO components. This work proposes a compact metasurface (MS)-integrated wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for fifth generation (5G) sub-6 GHz wireless communication systems.
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